The English Copula, Raising Verbs, and Small Clauses

The English copula, raising verbs, and small clauses are all handled in XTAG by a common analysis based on sentential clauses headed by non-verbal elements. Since there are a number of different analyses in the literature of how these phenomena are related (or not), we will present first the data for all three phenomena, then various analyses from the literature, finishing with the analysis used in the English XTAG grammar.^9.1